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The spraying velocity of impaction droplets was higher than 160 m/s and the experiments lasted for 15 days. (2015) designed and developed an experimental system to investigate the behavior of long-term liquid impingement erosion of pipelines for three kinds of materials (A106B, SS400, A6061) used in the nuclear power plants with high-speed liquid droplets. Finally, considering the influence of the liquid film, the researchers proposed an erosion model for predicting the erosion rate due to the liquid droplet impingement.Ĭhoi et al. Thirdly, a theoretical analysis of the liquid film on the specimen was proposed to conclude that the erosion rate increased as the liquid film thickness decreased. Secondly, the erosion rate increased as the specimen diameter decreased, and the standoff distance slightly increased. Firstly, the erosion depth was found to increase linearly with the local flow volume. Several interesting results were found in this research. The droplet size was at the order of 10 μm. (2013) experimentally studied the conical spray impacting the liquid film in the target specimen using a high-speed camera. The erosion happens when the wall is thinning by the continuous pressure load of the droplet impaction effect ( Naitoh et al., 2013 Xiong et al., 2012). Qianfeng Liu, in Nuclear Engineering and Design, 2020 2.1.3 Pipe erosionĭroplet impingement can cause pipe erosion with a long term effect ( Choi et al., 2015). In systems with CO 2 fractions of as low as 1%–2%, field experiences indicate that the flow velocity should be limited to less than 50 ft/s because it is difficult to inhibit CO 2 corrosion at higher gas velocities ( Kumar, 1987 Arnold and Stewart, 1999). The flow velocity must be kept below maximum allowable velocity to prevent pipe erosion, noise, or vibration problems, especially for gases that may have a velocity exceeding 70 ft/s. However, for those pipelines (short ones) in which pressure drop is of secondary importance, the pipe could be sized based on fluid velocity only. Experience has shown that the most cost-effective pipeline should have a pressure drop in the range between 3.50 and 5.83 psi/mile ( Hughes, 1993 ). In fact, a large pressure drop between stations will result in a large compression ratio and might introduce poor compressor station performance. Acceptable pressure drop in gas transmission pipelines must be one that minimizes the size of the required facilities and operating expenses such as the pipe itself, the installed compression power, the size and number of compressors, and fuel consumption. The pipe size generally is based on the acceptable pressure drop, compression ratio, and allowable gas velocities. Mak, in Handbook of Natural Gas Transmission and Processing (Fourth Edition), 2019 15.7.1 Line Sizing Criteria